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1 ἐπίκειμαι
ἐπίκειμαι impf. ἐπεκείμην (Hom.+).① to be at or in a place in contact with a surface, lie upon ἐπί τινι someth. (Paus. 5, 10, 2) of a stone J 11:38 (JSwetnam, CBQ 28, ’66, 155–73). ἐπί τινος on someth. (Cass. Dio 67, 16; Herm. Wr. 1, 13b) of the brass serpent B 12:7. τὰ στόματα αὐτῶν ἐπικείμενα τῷ ὕδατι καὶ μὴ πίνοντα (I saw how) their (the goats’) mouths were at the water but not drinking GJs 18:3. Abs. ὀψάριον ἐπικείμενον fish lying on it J 21:9 (cp. PTebt 47, 25 [113 B.C.]; PGrenf II, 57, 9 τ. ἐπικειμένην σποράν; 2 Macc 1:21).—In imagery be on of the image on a coin IMg 5:2.ⓐ of personal force, act of pushing press around, press upon, be urgent w. dat. of pers. (X., An. 4, 3, 7; Arrian, An. 1, 14, 5; Aesop, fab. 140 P.= 249 H.; Job 19:3; 21:27; Jos., Ant. 6, 334 al.) Lk 5:1.ⓑ of impersonal force confront χειμῶνος ἐπικειμένου since a storm lay upon us Ac 27:20 (cp. Plut., Timol. 250 [28, 7]; Wsd 17:20 v.l.). ἀνάγκη μοι ἐπίκειται necessity is laid upon me 1 Cor 9:16 (cp. Il. 6, 459; SibOr 3, 572). ἀγὼν ἡμῖν ἐπίκειται a conflict confronts us 1 Cl 7:1; μέγας ἐπίκειται πιρασμός a serious temptation confronts (Paul) AcPl Ha 8, 22. In a somewhat weakened sense stand before (Achilles Tat. 2, 16, 2) ὁ τοκετός μοι ἐπίκειται the pains of birth (typical of the tortures to come) are upon me IRo 6:1.③ to have the force of obligation, be imposed, be incumbent (Lucian, Cal. 17; Ar. 7:3 θάνατος; 1 Macc 6:57; Just., D. 53, 4 τὸν … νόμον ἐπικείμενον ἔχετε; TestJob 15:3 and Just., A I, 12, 3 τὰ ἐπικείμενα) δικαιώματα ἐπικείμενα regulations imposed Hb 9:10. διακονίαι ἐπίκεινταί τινι duties are imposed on someone 1 Cl 40:5. ἵνα μὴ κατέξω τ̣ὰ [προς]|τεταγμένα καὶ ἐπεικίμ̣[εν]α so that I do not default on my assignments and obligations AcPl Ha 7, 15.④ keep on doing someth., be urgent about ἐπέκειντο αἰτούμενοι they urgently demanded Lk 23:23 (cp. Hdt. 5, 104; Jos., Ant. 18, 184 πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπέκειτο ἀξιῶν; also 20, 110).⑤ exist as possibility, be open τούτοις ἐπίκειται μετάνοια repentance is open to them Hs 8, 7, 2 v.l.—M-M. TW.
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